DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEM

                                                         

Distributed Database System

A distributed database system is an integrated collection of databases in which data is stored across sites in a network. The system administrator can manipulate the collection of data and distribution of the data. Distributed databases can improve performance at client sites.


Fig 1.2 Distributed system

Feature of distributed database

1.     A distributed DBMS is a collection of logically related common data.

2.     It is used to create, update, select and delete data in a distributed database.

3.     All sites are linked by communications network for distributed database.

4.     Each site has its own right, i.e it can handle its own database independently.

5.     Globalization independent

6.     Transaction transparency

7.     Platform independent

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Types of Distributed database

There are two types of distributed database:-

  1.         Homogenous
  2.         Heterogenous

 1.     Homogenous

A homogenous distributed database system is a network of two or more databases that occupy one or more machines. An application can simultaneously run or modify the data in several databases in a single distributed environment.

Fig 1.3 Homogenous distributed system

A distributed system that connects three databases: HQ, MFG, and SALES. An application can simultaneously access or modify the data in several databases in a single distributed environment. For example, a single query from a Manufacturing client on a local database MFG can retrieve joined data from the PRODUCTS table on the local database and the DEPT table on the remote HQ database.

1.     Heterogeneous Distributed database

Heterogeneous Services (HS) is an integrated component within the Oracle database server and the enabling technology for the current suite of Oracle Transparent Gateway products. HS provides the common architecture and administration mechanisms for Oracle gateway products and other heterogeneous access facilities. Also, it provides upwardly compatible functionality for users of most of the earlier Oracle Transparent Gateway releases.

                   

The disadvantage of Distributed database

In the distributed database system, Complexity is the biggest disadvantage of distributed systems. There are more machines, more messages, more data being passed between more parties which leads to issues with:

  • Data Integration & Consistency being able to synchronize the order of changes to data and states of the application in a distributed system is challenging, especially when their nodes are starting, stopping, or failing.
  • Network and Communication Failure messages may not be delivered to the right nodes or in the incorrect order, leading to a breakdown in communication and functionality.
  • Management Overhead more intelligence, monitoring, logging, load balancing functions need to be added for visibility into the operation and failures of the distributed systems

 


References:-

1   https://docs.oracle.com/cd/A87860_01/doc/server.817/a76960/ds_conce.htm

2 http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000007CS/P001063/M017514/ET/1474626722etext-mod16.pdf

3 https://www.confluent.io/learn/distributed-systems/

4  https://phoenixnap.com/kb/distributed-database


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